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American dipper, American magpie, American raven, Bald eagle, Bison, bison fur, Bozeman, coyote, Gardiner, geological dyke, Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, ice jam, Liberty Cap Mammoth, Mammoth Hot Springs, moose, Pronghorn, Roosevelt Arch, Tinker's Hill, Tinker's Hill Cemetery, travertine terrace, Wapiti Lake wolf pack, wolf, wolf reintroduction, Yellowstone, Yellowstone National Park, |National Museum of Wildlife Art
USA 2018 (14), Wolves! Yes, on this last day of our Yellowstone ‘safari’, we did see wolves. It was slightly less cold (about minus 23ºC/minus 9ºF) as we left Cooke City on Wednesday 22nd February, making an even earlier start, at 6.30 a.m.
The last wolf pack in Yellowstone Park was killed in the 1920s. On 12th January 1995 the first wolves for decades were released here, and, by the end of 1996, 31 of them had been relocated from Canada to the park. They and their descendants have changed the ecosystem, with an enormously beneficial effect on fauna and flora, there now being a top predator where there was none for decades, rebalancing nature. Here is a 4’34” video on how. (Another, on a wild wolf playing with domestic dogs, shows just how huge the wolf is.) [Three weeks later. There’s a snippet in March’s ‘BBC Wildlife Magazine about this phenomenon. ‘Predators don’t just eat prey animals, they scare the hell out of them, and this fear factor alone is enough to shape ecosystems. After wolves disappeared from Yellowstone National Park, elk were free to forage wherever their tastebuds led them, including into lush but risky riverbank habitats. This led to the devastation of specialist riparian vegetation. When wolves were reintroduced, the elk looked elsewhere and the riverbanks recovered.’]
Once more heading for Mammoth Hot Springs, our first stop was to watch a moose eating its favourite food, willow – recovered thanks to the wolves perhaps.
I got interested in an American dipper (nothing like European ones) by a river
and I walked back a few yards to take a closer look.
Imagine my astonishment on turning round after a few minutes, at seeing this!
Of course any coyote likes an easy surface to walk on, and this one walked right on by me, and through my companions by the vehicles.
We next stopped to observe a young bison’s carcase being recycled, about half a mile from where we were on the road.
All very symmetrical: American ravens to the left, a coyote on either side of the carcase, and American magpies to the right
By midday we had reached and gone through Mammoth, turning north to Tinker’s Hill, Gardiner, and the North Entrance to the NP. This is the Roosevelt Arch, (1903).
On the other, entrance, side of the Arch, there is engraved, ‘For the benefit and enjoyment of the people’.
We were now technically out of the Park, but still well within the wider ecosystem of Yellowstone. I wandered around a little, while telescopes were being set up.
There are worse locations for a cemetery.
Tim encouraged me to feel this bison fur he had found an a fence. It was so soft!
Whimsical landscape on Sprinter window
And I joined the others, patiently seeking a wolf pack known to hang out around here.
YES! Not with the naked eye, but with binoculars, cameras and ‘scopes. The Wapiti Lake pack I believe, itself inside the Park boundary. About two miles away. (Just very occasionally – very occasionally – I wish I carried around one of those paparazzi cameras with enormously long lenses, instead of the small thing I wear slung around my neck.)
Here – really – they have moved to the further ridge and are lying down
There is even a black wolf or two there…
In due course they disappeared over the ridge.
”Turn around! Pronghorn!” We had seen a very graceful sculpture of a pronghorn at the National Museum of Wildlife Art at Jackson Hole. Here were a whole crowd of them in the flesh. Such delicate creatures, not at all fazed by our presence. (They are sometimes called pronghorn antelope, but they are deer. Most photos slightly over-exposed.)
It was back to Mammoth for lunch, and a look at the Lower Travertine Terraces. 
The extinct cone is known as the Liberty Cap, after the cap worn by colonial patriots in the Revolutionary War
Then we had a serious drive back north to Bozeman, where we were to catch our planes home the next day. We stopped briefly at the Roosevelt Arch, but saw no wolves this time, but (apologies to those of a squeamish nature) I thought this bison poo there was really artistic.
It was too fast a drive for any real photography, though I did manage to get these bald eagles.
We also saw white-tailed deer, and some bison, and I noticed a fabulous geological dyke. Looking around at a comfort stop by the Yellowstone River, Drew told us that this was evidence that there had been an ice jam somewhere nearby.
Approaching Bozeman I took a final picture of the mountains.
I think the form at the top of the mountain is a cirque.
It was minus 10ºC/plus 14ºF when we arrived at Bozeman. The leaders commented that this had been the coldest trip they had ever known.
Most of my companions were going straight home. I was to embark on the third and final part of my journey the following day – after a lie-in!
Afterwards we were taken to a viewpoint of the Grand Teton Range, sadly, as so frequently, topped by cloud, so not seen in their full splendour. 
A panoramic view makes a straight road crooked, so here’s a brief video.
Had there been more snow we would have been taken to see them in horse-drawn sleighs. As it was we went in horse-drawn carts.
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